Precise coulometric determination of redox inert anions based on electrolysis at the aqueous|organic solution interface

The flow cell proposed previously for the rapid and coulometric determination of cations based on the electrochemical ion transfer at the aqueous|organic solution interface was improved to be applicable to the determination of anions. The developed cell was composed of a porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) tube (1.0 mm in inner diameter), a copper wire (0.8 mm in diameter) inserted into the tube, a platinum wire placed outside the tube, an organic solution into which the tube was immersed and a reference electrode in the organic solution. The aqueous solution containing a species of interest was flowed through the narrow gap between the tube and the copper wire. A potential difference was applied at the aqueous|organic solution interface by using the copper wire and the reference electrode in the organic solution in order to realize the ion transfer at the interface, and the current due to the interfacial ion transfer was detected by the copper and platinum wires. The developed cell was evaluated adopting the transfer of an anion such as perchlorate, picrate or alkylsulphonates from the aqueous solution to 1,2-dichloroethane (used as the organic solution), and demonstrated that the anions of 10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³ level could be determined with coefficients of variations better than 0.2% (n = 5). The applicability of the developed cell to the flow injection analysis of anions was also discussed.     

Impaired glucose tolerance in midlife and longitudinal changes in brain function during aging

We investigated whether individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in midlife subsequently show regionally specific longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) relative to those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Sixty-four cognitively normal participants in the neuroimaging substudy of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging underwent serial ¹⁵O-water positron emission tomography scans (age at first scan, 69.6 ± 7.5 years) and oral glucose tolerance tests 12 years earlier (age at first oral glucose tolerance test, 57.2 ± 11.1 years). Using voxel-based analysis, we compared changes in rCBF over an 8-year period between 15 participants with IGT in midlife and 49 with NGT. Significant differences were observed in longitudinal change in rCBF between the IGT and NGT groups. The predominant pattern was greater rCBF decline in the IGT group in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. Some brain regions in the frontal and temporal cortices also showed greater longitudinal increments in rCBF in the IGT group. Our findings suggest that IGT in midlife is associated with subsequent longitudinal changes in brain function during aging even in cognitively normal older individuals.     

Effects of mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and early amyloid pathology on spatial learning and the cellular innate immune response in mice

Understanding the contribution of cerebrovascular factors in the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a key step for the development of preventive therapies. Among these factors, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an early component of AD pathogenesis that can predict the progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD. Here, we investigated the effects of a protocol of mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the APPswe/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. We observed that the permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery induced spatial learning impairments in young APPswe/PS1 mice, but not in their wild type littermates. Furthermore, the extent of learning deficits strongly correlated with the number of cortical β-amyloid plaques, with the mobilization of monocytes into the blood and with the number of bone marrow-derived microglia in the brain. These results indicate that a mild reduction of cerebral blood flow can selectively induce cognitive deficits at an early stage of amyloid pathology, eliciting a cellular innate immune response, even without causing neuronal death.     

Randomized Comparison of FFR-Guided and Angiography-Guided Provisional Stenting of True Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: The DKCRUSH-VI Trial (Double Kissing Crush Versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions VI)

ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the outcomes of fractional flow reserve (FFR)–guided and angiography (Angio)–guided provisional side-branch (SB) stenting for true coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundAngio-guided provisional SB stenting after stenting of the main vessel provides favorable outcomes for the majority of coronary bifurcation lesions. Whether an FFR-guided provisional stenting approach is superior has not been studied.MethodsA total of 320 patients with single Medina 1,1,1 and 0,1,1 coronary bifurcation lesions undergoing stenting with a provisional SB approach were randomly assigned 1:1 to Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups. SB stenting was performed for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade <3, ostial SB stenosis >70%, or greater than type A dissection after main vessel stenting in the Angio-guided group and for SB-FFR <0.80 in the FFR-guided group. The primary endpoint was the 1-year composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization).ResultsComparing the Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups, treatment of the SB (balloon or stenting) was performed in 63.1% and 56.3% of lesions respectively (p = 0.07); stenting of the SB was attempted in 38.1% and 25.9%, respectively (p = 0.01); and, when attempted, stenting was successful in 83.6% and 73.3% of SBs, respectively (p = 0.01). The 1-year composite major adverse cardiac event rate was 18.1% in both groups (hazard ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.48 to 1.88; p = 1.00). The 1-year target vessel revascularization and stent thrombosis rates were 6.9% and 5.6% (p = 0.82) and 1.3% and 0.6% (p = 0.56) in the Angio-guided and FFR-guided groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn this multicenter, randomized trial, angiographic and FFR guidance of provisional SB stenting of true coronary bifurcation lesions provided similar 1-year clinical outcomes. (Randomized Study on DK Crush Technique Versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions; ChiCTR-TRC-07000015)     

老年人外周血单核细胞表面HLA-DR和T淋巴细胞亚群的改变

目的通过对健康老年人与健康年轻人外周血单核细胞人类白细胞抗原(HLA-DR)和T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平的比较,探讨HLA-DR和T淋巴细胞亚群的表达与衰老的关系。方法采用免疫荧光标记流式细胞技术测定20例健康老年人和20例健康年轻人外周血单核细胞HLA-DR和CD3、CD4、CD8的水平。结果老年组外周血单核细胞HLA-DR的表达稍高于年轻组,但统计学上差异不明显(P>0.05),老年人CD4 T细胞、CD4/CD8低于年轻组,两者之间统计学差异明显(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论老年组单核细胞HLA-DR的表达稍高于年轻组,但功能降低,CD4 T淋巴细胞和CD4/CD8较年轻组下降,是老年人免疫功能减退的原因之一。     

Regional Brain Activation in Response to Rectal Distension in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Effect of a History of Abuse

Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in brain response to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to controls. Our aim was to compare regional brain activity in response to rectal balloon distension in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We studied six patients with IBS and six healthy controls. Positron emission tomography scans were obtained during rectal balloon distensions. Statistical parametric mapping and region of interest analysis were performed to identify and compare differences in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) for each distension pressure within and between the groups of interest. In post-hoc analyses, patients with a history of sexual or physical abuse were compared to patients without abuse. In response to rectal distension, controls exhibit a greater increase in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity compared to the IBS group (Z = 3.2, P = 0.001). Thalamic activity was higher in the IBS patients relative to the control group (Z = 3.3, P < 0.001). Increased ACC activity was observed in IBS patients with no history of abuse (Z = 5.2, P < 0.001) similar to controls, whereas no such increased activity was noticed in the abused group. In conclusion, this study replicates previous findings showing alterations in brain response to rectal distension in patients with IBS. The observations on the effect of abuse suggest a possible modulating role of abuse history on this brain response.     

Regional oxygen supply and consumption balance in experimental left ventricular hypertrophy

Summary The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between myocardial O₂ supply and O₂ consumption was preserved after prolonged pressure overload due to aortic valve stenosis. This was examined in anesthetized open-chest dogs in which the aortic valve was plicated 6 months previously. We measured coronary blood flow with radioactive microspheres and regional small vessel O₂ saturation with microspectrophotometry, to obtain O₂ supply, and O₂ consumption. Regional O₂ consumption was calculated as the product of flow and O₂ extraction. The left ventricular weight/body weight ratio was 81% greater in the dogs with aortic valve stenosis. There were no hemodynamic differences between the groups except that left ventricular systolic pressure was 38±22 mm Hg greater than aortic in the hypertrophied group. Coronary blood flow did not differ between the control and hypertrophied groups nor were there subepicardial vs subendocardial differences. When maximal coronary flow was determined with chromonar (10 mg/kg), the flow increase was significantly attenuated in the hypertrophied subendocardium (242.1±82.3 (hypertrophy) vs 512.4±204.1 ml·min^–1·100 g^–1 (control)). There were no significant differences in O₂ extraction or O₂ consumption/g between control and hypertrophied animals. There was a significantly lower O₂ supply/consumption ratio in the subendocardium compared to the subepicardium of both groups. However, the O₂ supply/consumption ratio was not decreased by hypertrophy. Thus, despite significant hypertrophy, a loss of flow reserve and a high left ventricular pressure, O₂ supply/consumption balance is preserved in valvular aortic stenosis at rest.     

新型野战综合手术救治方舱使用管理探讨

介绍了新型野战综合手术救治方舱的功能及结构特点,通过参与卫勤演练与动物实验、巡回医疗相结合的方式进行人装结合训练,对新型野战综合手术救治方舱使用中的管理流程进行探讨,解决其使用管理中存在的问题,使综合手术救治方舱的综合效能及卫勤保障能力得到提升。     

抗结核急性药物性肝损伤患者外周血CD_8~+T细胞上CD_(28)表达及意义

[目的]通过对抗结核急性药物性肝损伤患者外周血CD+8CD-28、CD+8CD+28细胞百分率检测,探讨其在抗结核急性药物性肝损伤中表达及意义。[方法]应用流式细胞术检测抗结核急性药物性肝损伤组42例、抗结核治疗肝功能正常组232例外周血中CD+8CD-28、CD+8CD+28细胞百分率;两组间均数的比较采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。[结果]抗结核急性药物性肝损伤组外周血CD+8CD-28细胞百分率低于抗结核肝功能正常组(12.2±7.7%和23.6±10.4%),两组间差异有统计学意义(t=4.782,P0.01);抗结核急性药物性肝损伤组CD+8CD+28细胞高于抗结核肝功能正常组(23.5±9.1%和10.2±6.7%),两组间差异有统计学意义(t=5.356,P0.01)[结论]抗结核急性药物性肝损伤外周血CD+8CD-28T细胞百分率减少,CD+8CD+28T细胞百分率增加;CD+8T细胞上CD28表达可作为抗结核急性药物性肝损伤免疫学检测标志。